Vacuum distillation process can be applied for purification of lemongrass essential oil by increasing the concentration of citral in lemongrass essential oil. In this study, the relationship between experimental parameters of purification of…
The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) found in crude palm oil (CPO) off grade with methanol is a promising technique to convert FFA into valuable fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) and obtain a FFA-free oil that can be further…
Vacuum frying may be a good alternative for the production of dehydrated fruit and vegetable slices. In this study, a relationship between water losses with frying time during vacuum frying process of potato chips has been developed. A first order…
Biodiesel has been shown to be the best substitute for fossil-based fuels to its environmental advantages and renewable resource availability. There is a great demand for the commercialization of biodiesel production, which in turn calls for a…
In this work, the ultrasound-assisted transesterification of used frying oil (UFO) was studied. A two-step pretreatment of degumming and esterification was conducted to prepare UFO as raw material for transesterification. The esterification and…
In this study, experimental studies have been carried out to improve the yield of biodiesel by addition of co-solvent to enhance the miscibility of the phases and speed up the reaction rate. The co-solvent used are tetrahydrofuran and hexane. The…
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tentang pengaruh pendapatan, pendidikan, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga terhadap wilingness to pay leisure time akibat kenaikan pajak penghasilan di Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Banda Aceh…