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                <text>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tentang pengaruh pendapatan, pendidikan, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga terhadap wilingness to pay leisure time akibat kenaikan pajak penghasilan di Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Banda Aceh dengan mengambil sampel masyarakat Kota Banda Aceh yang terkena pajak penghasilan. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah regressi probit Hasil akhir estimasi menunjukan  bahwa hanya variabel jumlah anggota keluarga yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap wilingness to pay leisure time akibat kenaikan pajak penghasilan masyarakat Kota Banda Aceh. Adapaun nilai odds ratio 2,037 lebih besar mau membayar untuk waktu senggang untuk setiap kenaikan 1 jiwa anggota keluarga. Dari hasil estimasi diketahui semakin banyak jumlah anggota keluarga maka semakin besar dampak pajak penghasilan terhadap wilingness to pay leisure time.</text>
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                <text>WILINGNESS TO PAY LEISURE TIME AKIBAT KENAIKAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH</text>
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                <text>In this study, experimental studies have been carried out to improve the yield of biodiesel by addition of co-solvent to enhance the miscibility of the phases and speed up the reaction rate. The co-solvent used are tetrahydrofuran and hexane. The experimental result shows that the transesterification rate was improved when compared to the system without cosolvents. The biodiesel produced in the experiment was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which showed that methyl oleate was the highest compound in biodiesel.</text>
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                <text>Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences &amp; Engineering Chapter; Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Engineering</text>
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                <text>Influence of co-solvent on reactive-extraction of Jatropha curcas L. seed for biodiesel production</text>
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                <text>In this work, the ultrasound-assisted transesterification of used frying oil (UFO) was studied. A two-step pretreatment of degumming and esterification was conducted to prepare UFO as raw material for transesterification. The esterification and transesterification was performed by using ethanol as solvent in the presence of ultrasonic irradiations operating at frequency of 40 kHz. The esterification was carried out with oil to ethanol ratio of 1:10, temperature of 60oC and reaction time of 4 hours in the presence of 1 wt .% H2SO4 as an acid catalyst. Meanwhile, the transesterification reaction was carried out with oil to ethanol molar ratio of 1:8, 1:10, 1:12, 1:15; KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 wt.%; and reaction temperature of 40, 50 and 60oC. The highest biodiesel yield of 65% obtained at ultrasound-assisted transesterification condition of oil to ethanol molar ratio of 1:12, reaction temperature of 50oC and KOH concentration of 1 wt.%. The results of analysis of some parameters of the product showed biodiesel has fulfilled the specifications according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 04-7182-2006 number.Keywords: Biodiesel, Esterification, Used frying oil, Transesterification, Ultrasonic</text>
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                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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                <text>Penggunaan Ultrasonik untuk Transesterifikasi Minyak Goreng Bekas</text>
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                <text>Supardan, Muhammad Dani</text>
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                <text>Satriana, Satriana</text>
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                <text>Biodiesel has been shown to be the best substitute for fossil-based fuels to its environmental advantages and renewable resource availability. There is a great demand for the commercialization of biodiesel production, which in turn calls for a technically and economically reactor technology. The production of biodiesel in existing batch and continuous-flow processes requires excess alcohol, typically 100%, over the stoichiometric molar requirement in order to drive the chemical reaction to completion. In this study, a novel reactor system using a reactive distillation (RD) technique was discussed for biodiesel production. RD is a chemical unit operation in which chemical reactions and separations occur simultaneously in one unit. It is an effective alternative to the classical combination of reactor and separation units especially when involving reversible or consecutive chemical reactions such as transesterication process in biodiesel production.</text>
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                <text>Biodiesel; Reaction; Reactive Distillation; Separation</text>
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                <text>Use of Reactive Distillation for Biodiesel Production: A Literature Survey</text>
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                <text>Vacuum frying may be a good alternative for the production of dehydrated fruit and vegetable slices. In this study, a relationship between water losses with frying time during vacuum frying process of potato chips has been developed. A first order kinetic model was used, in which drying rate constant is a function of the main process variables, i.e. oil temperature, sample thickness and vacuum pressure. The experimental data of Garayo and Moreira (2000) have been used to validate the model. Generally there was a good agreement between the calculated results and the experimental data. Then, the effect of initial water content and vacuum pressure has been studied.Keywords: kinetic model, potato, vacuum frying, water loss</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23357">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 6, No 2 (2007): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; 82-86</text>
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                <text>Prediction of Water Loss During Potato Vacuum Frying Process</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23479">
                <text>Supardan, Muhammad Dani</text>
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                <text>Satriana, Satriana</text>
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                <text>2009-12-01</text>
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                <text>The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) found in crude palm oil (CPO) off grade with methanol is a promising technique to convert FFA into valuable fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) and obtain a FFA-free oil that can be further transesterified using alkali bases. In this work, the effects of the main variables involved in the esterification process i.e. alcohol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, agitation speed and the initial amount of FFA of oil, were studied in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst at concentration of 1%-w. The experimental results show that the esterification process could lead to a practical and cost effective FFA removal unit in front of typical oil transesterification for biodiesel production.Keywords: CPO off grade, esterification, free fatty acid</text>
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                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23488">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 7, No 2 (2009): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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                <text>Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade</text>
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                  <text>e-Journal USK</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="70273">
                <text>Supardan, Muhammad Dani; Syiah Kuala University</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="70274">
                <text>Ermaya, Dewi; Syiah Kuala University</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Meilina, Hesti</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Vacuum distillation process can be applied for purification of lemongrass essential oil by increasing the concentration of citral in lemongrass essential oil. In this study, the relationship between experimental parameters of purification of lemongrass oil was investigated. The effect of pressure, temperature and pH was examined to determine the best performance of the product yield. CentralComposite Design was applied to optimize the operating parameters of the process. It was found that the product yield of bottom product achieved an optimum level of 98.4% yield at the following reaction conditions, i.e. pressure of 55.9 mbar, temperature of 104.6oC and pH of 4.8</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/AICS-SciEng/article/view/1694</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Syiah Kuala University</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/AICS-SciEng/article/view/1694/1593</text>
              </elementText>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="70289">
                <text>Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences &amp; Engineering Chapter; Vol 3, No 2 (2013): Engineering</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="70291">
                <text>2089-208X</text>
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                <text>Central composite design applied to purify lemongrass essential oil using vacuum distillation</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Suparlan, .</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JPP/article/view/2034</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Majelis Pendidikan Daerah (MPD) Aceh dan Universitas Syiah Kuala</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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              <elementText elementTextId="78049">
                <text>Jurnal Pencerahan; Vol 7, No 2 (2013): September 2013</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="78050">
                <text>1693-7775</text>
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                <text>1693-7775</text>
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                <text>DARI DEWAN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL SAMPAI DENGAN CSR</text>
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