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              <elementText elementTextId="23522">
                <text>Widayat, Widayat</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Abdullah</text>
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                <text>Satriadi, H.</text>
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                <text>Hadi, M.</text>
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                <text>Citric acid can be produced from pineapple waste by using fermentation process. This process is done in bubble column reactor with Aspergillus niger yeast. The objective of this research is to find the optimum conditions of initial pH and total sugar concentration. The optimization method used was response surface methodology. This research was carried out at a temperature of 30 oC, spore concentration of 1.23 x 109 spore/ml, total volume 2.0 liter, flow rate of air 58.07 cc/sec and a 5% antifoam concentration. The fermentation process lasted 7 days and the citric acid concentration was analyzed by High Pressure Liquid Cromatography (HPLC) method. Statistica 6 software was used for the data treatment. The mathematical model for the optimization citric acid fermentation in bubble column reactor is Y = 54.507 + 2.9851X - 8.987X12 - 2.581X2 - 15.446X22 - 7.989X1X2 The parameter of Y is citric acid yield, X1 is a coding initial pH and X2 is a coding total sugar concentration. The results has given an initial pH optimum 3.61 and total sugar concentration 19,285% w/v with optimum an yield of 55.03 % .Keywords: Bubble column bioreactor, Citric acid fermentation, Initial pH, Total sugar concentration, Response surface methodology</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/241</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/241/227</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23533">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23534">
                <text>2356-1661</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132669">
                <text>1412-5064</text>
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                <text>Optimization of Initial pH and Total Sugar Concentration Variables on Citric Acid Production from Pineapple Waste with Aspergillus niger Yeast by Using Response Surface Methodology</text>
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                <text>Aprilia, Sri</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2006-06-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Khitosan adalah produk yang dapat diasetilasi dari khitin, dan banyak terdapat di alam. Khitin diisolasi dari limbah kulit udang yang merupakan polimer alam yang mempunyai struktur mirip dengan selulosa. Khitosan ini bersifat hidrofilik  dan merupakan material biodegradable. Dengan pesatnya teknologi pemisahan, maka khitosan telah digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat membran. Membran khitosan bersifat hidrofilik yang memiliki kemampuan yang tinggi dalam melewatkan permeat berupa air. Pada penelitian ini khitosan diisolasi dari khitin pada temperatur  120oC dan waktu deasetilasi 120 menit. Kandungan air yang diperoleh adalah 7% dan kandungan abu adalah 1,28%. Membran komposit khitosan dan selulosa dibuat dengan metode inversi fasa dan teknik  polimerisasi antar muka. Hasil peneletian dilakukan karakterisasi membran dengan permeasi pelarut. Fluks besar diperoleh pada membran dengan konsentrasi khitosan terkecil yaitu 0,25%. Koefisien permeabilitas (Lp) terbesar diperoleh pada membran dengan konsentrasi khitosan 0,25%, yaitu sebesar 1,522 l/m2jam bar.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23543">
                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/1083</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23545">
                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/1083/1016</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23547">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 5, No 1 (2006): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; 28-35</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23548">
                <text>2356-1661</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132769">
                <text>1412-5064</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23549">
                <text>Kulit udang; khitosan; komposit khitosan-selulosa; fluks; koefosien permeabilitas</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23550">
                <text>Pembuatan Membran Komposit Khitosan-Selulosa dari Limbah Kulit Kepala Udang</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23554">
                <text>Khairil, Khiaril</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="23555">
                <text>Hamdani, Hamdani</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23556">
                <text>Jalaluddin, Jalaluddin</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23557">
                <text>2011-12-01</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The effect of engine loading on emission of particulate matter was studied by using an Otto engine (Honda astrea grand 110 cc). In the experiment, the characteristics of loading engine, fuel consumption and composition of particulate matter were investigated. The engine loading was determinated in term of engine transmittion, the fuel consumption was measured by using plastic tube scale, and composition of deposit particulate matter was analyzed by using spectrophotometer. The experimental results show that the quantity and fuel consumption was increased by the increasing engine loading. The deposite of particulate matter was generally characterized by organic carbon content.Keyword: motor bensin, emisi debu, transmisi</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/745</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23562">
                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/745/699</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23564">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 8, No 2 (2011): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; 79-83</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23565">
                <text>2356-1661</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132605">
                <text>1412-5064</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23566">
                <text>Kaji Eksperimental Pengaruh Pembebanan terhadap Emisi Debu Partikulat pada Motor Bensin</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>e-Journal USK</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23570">
                <text>Febriningrum, Panca Nugrahini</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23571">
                <text>2013-06-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>One of the alternative utilization of pineapple peel waste is to convert them to lactate acid via fermentation. This research is aimed to obtain better understanding on the growth of lactate bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum)  by varying substrate concentration:  100 g/L - 600 g/L and stirring rate of 50 rpm, 150 rpm, and 250 rpm. The growth of anaeroic process was performed without pH controlling with initial pH of 5 and temperature of 28OC.  Pineapple peel was used as the substrate after romoving water content using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.  Cell growth was analyzed by calculating the total of microorganism cell using hemocytometer. In order to determine lactate acid production, glucose concentration was analyzed using spectrophotometer. Nelson-Somogy method was employed in this analysis. Ethanol concentration was also analyzed by calculating the titration of acid lactate concentration. The optimum growth of Lactobacillus plantarum was found at 28oC, stirring rate of 150 rpm and substrate concentration of 500 g/L contributing to the total cell  of  3,85.108, 1,13.109, and  4,00.108  for lag, exponential, and decrease phase respectively.  Further analysis carried out based on stirring rate of 150 rpm and substrate concentration of 500 g/L resulted in the largest average concentration of lactate acid of 1.620% v/v with glucose consumption percentage of 51,76%.Keywords: pineapple peel, Lactobacillus plantarum, lactate acid</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/784</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23576">
                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/784/723</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23578">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 9, No 3 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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                <text>2356-1661</text>
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                <text>1412-5064</text>
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                <text>Industri kecil minyak nilam di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam tersebar di beberapa kabupaten yaitu Aceh Barat, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Jaya, dan beberapa daerah lainnya. Namun perolehan dan mutu minyak nilam yang dihasilkan masih tergolong rendah karena warna minyak coklat kehitaman. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan nilai jualnya, bisa dilakukan dengan beberapa proses pemurnian baik secara fisika maupun secara kimia. Untuk peningkatan kualitas tersebut dapat dilakukan antara lain dengan menurunkan kandungan Fe yang membuat warna minyak menjadi gelap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pemurnian dengan menggunakan senyawa pengkelat Na-EDTA sebagai senyawa pengkelat dalam pemurnian minyak nilam dapat menurunkan kandungan Fe (besi) secara signifikan sebesar 60% untuk minyak nilam yang diperoleh dari hasil penyulingan petani di daerah Aceh Barat dan Aceh Selatan. Selain itu, minyak yang dihasilkan berwarna lebih cerah dan karakteristiknya memenuhi persyaratan mutu standar.Kata kunci: minyak nilam, pemurnian, pengkelat</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 6, No 2 (2007): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; 63-66</text>
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                <text>1412-5064</text>
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                <text>Aplikasi Proses Pengkelatan untuk Peningkatan Mutu Minyak Nilam Aceh</text>
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                <text>Tong, Huan-Huan</text>
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                <text>Yin, Ke</text>
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                <text>Chia, Charles Yong-Han</text>
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                <text>Ahmad, Omar</text>
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                <text>Xin, Ling</text>
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                <text>Wang, Jing-Yuan</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dumping grounds are characterized by the absence of engineering controls such as base liners and cover layer. Consequently, these dumping grounds present risks for surrounding resources such as soil, groundwater and air. The concern for groundwater contamination by leachate from tropical dumping grounds is heightened due to the greater amounts of rainfall and subsequent infiltration and percolation through the waste mass. The emergent demand for old dumping grounds reclamation drives the need to employ remediation technologies. Generally, in-situ aeration is a remediation method that promotes aerobic conditions in the later stage of dumping ground. It accelerates carbon transfer, reduces remaining organic load, and generally shortens the post closure period. However, high rainfall in tropical areas straitens this technique. For example, pollutants could be easily flushed out and more energy should be required to overcome hydrostatic pressure. Although heavy rainfall could supply sufficient water to the substrate and accelerate degradation of organic matter, it may inhibit aerobic activities due to limited air transfer. The waste characterization from Lorong Halus Dumping Ground (closed dumping ground in Singapore) showed that the waste materials were stabilized after 22 years closure. According to the Waste Acceptance Criteria set by European Communities Council, the waste materials could be classified as inert wastes. One interesting finding was that leachate layer detected was about of 5 - 8 meter depth, which entirely soaked the waste materials. Hence, the reclamation design and operation should be carefully adjusted according to these characters. Lorong Halus Dumping Ground case study can provide a guideline for other tropical closed landfills or dumping grounds.</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/1227</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/1227/1115</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23611">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 9, No 4 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23612">
                <text>2356-1661</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132738">
                <text>1412-5064</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>dumping grounds; in-situ aeration; leachate; tropical</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Feasibility of In-Situ Aeration of Old Dumping Ground for Land Reclamation</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23618">
                <text>Muslim, Abrar</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23619">
                <text>2010-12-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The loading of gold using strong base anion exchange resin in non-ammoniac resin-solution (NARS) systems has been studied. The loading of gold onto ion exchange resins is affected by polythionate concentration, and trithionate can be used as the baseline in the system. The results also show that resin capacity on gold loading increases due to the increase in the equilibrium thiosulfate concentration in the NARS system. Gold loading performances show the need of optimization the equilibrium concentrations of thiosulfate in the NARS system.Keywords: equilibrium, gold loading, resin capacity, thiosulfate, trithionate</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/221</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23623">
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23624">
                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/221/207</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23626">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 7, No 4 (2010): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23627">
                <text>2356-1661</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132595">
                <text>1412-5064</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23628">
                <text>Gold Loading on Ion Exchange Resins in Non-Ammoniacal Resin-Solution Systems</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23630">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>e-Journal USK</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23632">
                <text>Syafiie, Syam</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="23633">
                <text>Kwan, Chia Yaw</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23634">
                <text>2014-06-01</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23635">
                <text>A comparative study of Model Predictive Control (MPC) using active-set method and interior point methods is proposed as a control technique for highly non-linear pH process. The process is a strong acid-strong base system. A strong acid of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a strong base of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with the presence of buffer solution sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) are used in a neutralization process flowing into reactor. The non-linear pH neutralization model governed in this process is presented by multi-linear models. Performance of both controllers is studied by evaluating its ability of set-point tracking and disturbance-rejection. Besides, the optimization time is compared between these two methods; both MPC shows the similar performance with no overshoot, offset, and oscillation. However, the conventional active-set method gives a shorter control action time for small scale optimization problem compared to MPC using IPM method for pH control.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23637">
                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/2168</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23638">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23639">
                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23640">
                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/2168/2122</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23641">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2015 Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23642">
                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 10, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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                <text>model predictive control; active-set method; interior point method; pH neutralization process</text>
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                <text>Rahman, Abdul</text>
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                <text>Studi pembuatan cat tembok emulsi menggunakan bahan pengisi kapur sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan karena ketersediaan kapur yang banyak di alam. Cat tembok emulsi telah dibuat dari campuran bahan pengisi, bahan pengikat, pigmen, pelarut, dan bahan tambahan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari apakah cat tembok emulsi dapat dihasilkan dari kapur atau tidak dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi CaO sebagai filler, dan konsentrasi polivinil asetat (PVA) sebagai binder terhadap kualitas cat tembok emulsi yang dihasilkan. Prosedur penelitian dan analisis mutu produk mengacu pada SNI 3564:2009 tentang cat tembok emulsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapur dapat digunakan dalam membuat cat tembok emulsi. Baik konsentrasi PVA dan konsentrasi CaO yang divariasikan mempengaruhi semua parameter kualitas cat sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam SNI 3564:2009. Hasil optimum penelitian diperoleh pada perlakuan konsentrasi PVA 20% dan konsentrasi CaO 26% yaitu masing-masing untuk padatan total cat sebesar 76,43%, waktu kering cat 36,00 menit, daya sebar cat 8,4 m2/kg, viskositas cat 110,99 KU, sedangkan daya tutup cat sebesar 8,20 m2/L pada konsentrasi CaO 24%.</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/2421</text>
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                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/2421/2280</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23658">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2015 Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23660">
                <text>2356-1661</text>
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                <text>1412-5064</text>
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                <text>bahan pengisi; cat tembok emulsi; kapur; polivinylasetat (PVA); kalsium oksida (CaO)</text>
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                <text>Studi Pembuatan Cat Tembok Emulsi dengan Menggunakan Kapur sebagai Bahan Pengisi</text>
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                <text>Husin, Husni</text>
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                <text>Syamsuddin, Yanna</text>
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                <text>Study on the use of copper zinc oxide supported on alumina catalyst for steam reforming of methanol to hydrogen has been done. The aim of this work is to study the catalytic properties of copper based catalysts used in the steam reforming of methanol. This method is known as one of the most favorable catalytic processes for producing hydrogen on-board. The catalyst was prepared by impregnation method with Cu loading of 5%, 10%, and 15%,. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the catalyst compositions are Cu, CuO, ZnO, and Al2O3. The reactions were carried out in the fixed bed tubular reactor operating at temperatures of 150oC, 200oC, 250oC, 300oC, and 350oC and atmospheric pressure. The product was analyzed using Shimadzu Gas Chromatography GC 8A with mole sieve 5A and porapak-N column 80/100 mesh. The performance of the catalyst shows that the highest methanol conversion was 86% over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with 15% of Cu loading. The selectivity and yield of hydrogen was 66% and 57% respectively over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with 15% of Cu loading. Selectivity of carbon dioxide is 18% over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with 15% of Cu loading at 300oC.Keywords: alumina oxide catalyst, copper zinc oxide, hydrogen, impregnation</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/91</text>
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                <text>Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/91/86</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan; Vol 7, No 3 (2010): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia &amp; Lingkungan</text>
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                <text>Pembuatan Katalis Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 untuk Proses Steam Reforming Metanol menjadi Hidrogen sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif</text>
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