An Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation Method for Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Investigation of transformation method for sugarcane was carried out by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens with a vectors pMLH7133 that contained CaMV35S promoter and marker genes. Embryogenic callus and cell aggregates of suspension culture were used as the target materials for transformation. The aggregates cell was sonicated, and co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The cells were cultured in N6-2 medium containing an appropriate antibiotic to eliminate bacterial contamination. Embryogenic callus was co-cultured with Agrobacterium, and was also cultured in N6-2 medium as same as suspension culture. Selection was carried out by culturing the treated suspension culture and embryogenic callus with MS medium containing geneticin. The transformed calli were transferred to MS-R9s for shoot formation. The transformed cells were analyzed for the distribution of GUS activity histochemically. After histohemical staining with X-glux, light microscopy observation revealed that the transformed calli derived from the NiF4, Ni9, and NCo310 cultivars had blue coloration in its tissue. Thus, the gene for GUS appeared to have been transferred and to be expressed in the calli. The construct of pCL4 was also integrated in the bacteria. Transient expression of GUS gene was successfully confirmed in the transformed Agrobacterium. When we use suspension culture, the proportion of the calli showing transient GUS expression was 4.7-fold greater with the vector in pMLH7133. We also successfully produced transformed calli with higher level of transient GUS expression. The percentage of the calli showing the best transient GUS expression is pCL4. The embryogenic callus was more competent for transfer of T-DNA into sugarcane cells. Analysis of GUS activity indicated that the gene was expressed into the calli of sugarcane. The Results indicate that the promoter can serve as an effective regulatory element to produce strong expression in callus of sugarcane. When we inoculated embryogenic callus with Agrobacterium harbored binary vector pCL4, we also successfully produced transformed calli with higher level of transient GUS expression. Thus, the gene for GUS appeared to have been transferred and to be expressed into the calli. Putative transformed plants were tested by performing PCR and Southern Hybridization to confirm the integration and expression of the introduced genes.
Matsuoka, M.; Japan International Research Center for Agriculture Science (JIRCAS), Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter; Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Life Sciences
AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON ANOMALOUS UTTERANCES PRODUCED BY ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study primarily dealswith the analysis of utterances produced by boarding school students who frequently attempt to communicate directly using English. The researcher was fascinated to investigate this phenomenon because of the curiosity of the language competency of the boarding students who were assumed having more mastery in the language. Then, this research was included as a case study since it provided an investigation of errors occurrence in the surrounding of Nurul Falah Boarding School. Moreover, the researcher followed the procedures of Error analysis (EA) to obtain some authentic information by collecting the data through interviewing and observing the students directly, identifying the sentences or corpus produced to find the errors, classifying the errors- to what aspect a definite error found belongs, and finding the causes of the error. Finally, after analyzing the data collected, it was found that most students of Dayah Nurul Falah Meulaboh committed all the types of error (Omission, Insertion, Substitution, Misinformation, and Misordering), and the most common type they produced was Substitution Error. Those findings might be a good reference for teachers, especially in boarding school to emphasize their teaching in those language aspects before applying a regulation of speaking English daily in their community.
AN EVALUATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON ENGLISH TEACHING AT A JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDA ACEH
Evaluative Descriptive Study; Teaching English; English Teachers
The aim of this evaluative descriptive study is to describe the real life teaching of English at a junior high school in Banda Aceh. This research described the procedures used in teaching English including how the teacher taught English from the beginning to end, the teacher’s methods and techniques, and the difficulties faced by the teacher. The instruments used in collecting the data for this study were an observation sheet, an interview guide, and document analysis of the syllabus and lesson plans. The results of this study showed that: (1) the teacher applied various procedures in teaching: (a) in opening the lesson, i.e. brainstorming students ideas related to the topic, stimulating the students to think creatively, and reviewing the previous lesson, (b) in the instructional processes, i.e. integrating the four skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the teaching process, and (c) in closing the lesson, i.e. giving opportunities to the students to ask questions, concluding the lesson, motivating and appreciating the students. (2) The methods and techniques used by the teacher were various in order to make the teaching process interesting. (3) There were some difficulties faced by the teacher in teaching including the noisy classroom and students coming in and out of the classroom. Finally, this research suggests that the teacher should be more creative and innovative in creating the lesson, should mix methods in order to create a more effective teaching-learning process and should control the students from coming in and out of the classroom too freely.
English Education Journal; Vol 6, No 3 (2015): English Education Journal (EEJ); 442-458
Copyright (c) 2015 English Education Journal
An experimental method for tangential contact stiffness evaluation of contact interfaces with controlled contact asperities
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON IMPROVING STUDENT'S READING COMPREHENSION BY IMPLEMENTING RECIPROCAL TEACHING
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON IMPROVING STUDENTS' READING COMPREHENSION BY IMPLEMENTING RECIPROCAL TEACHING
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON TEACHER'S FEEDBACK IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' WRITING SKILL OF SMAN 1 MODEL PBKL PEUKAN BADA
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF LANGUAGE GAMES IN TEACHING SPEAKING FOR THE FIRST GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 6 BANDA ACEH
The speaking performance of the first year students at SMP Negeri 6 Banda Aceh is low (average score = 5.45) due to the inappropriate technique in the process of learning speaking. A specific treatment needs to be made to overcome such problematic condition in order to improve students? speaking performance. This study aims to enhance students? speaking performance through the application of language games technique. It focuses on the students? performance on expressing the idea on simple short monolog in form of descriptive text specifically on describing person. This study used an experimental method with pre-test and post-test experimental and control group design (N = 20). The data were collected by using tests as the instrument. The raw scores then were tabulated statistically by using t- test. The result of hypothesis testing of this study showed that students? speaking performance in descriptive text is significantly improved (8.28 t-count > 1.68 t- table). In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that the treatment activities have developed the students? interest and ability to speak and to expose the target language. The least but not last, the activities increased their motivation to learn the target language as well.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION GAP TECHNIQUE IN PROMOTING SPEAKING ABILITY
An improved approach for hydrogen analysis in metal samples using single laser-induced gas plasma and target plasma at helium atmospheric pressure